Electronic components
Posted: Thu Dec 05, 2024 8:39 am
Instructions for use in household refrigeration
This is the first article in a three-part series about electronic components and their functions. We will show the classification of types, details of operation, and problems that can occur when using the wrong type.
In this article, we will address the use of electrical components list of belize whatsapp phone numbers in domestic refrigeration. The next two series will focus on their use in commercial refrigeration and the use of electronic components in refrigeration equipment.
Let's talk about three types of components:
Start the device;
Capacitors;
Thermal protector.
Before describing each of these elements, it is important to note that compressors of the same type and with similar cooling capacity usually use different electronic components, that is, there are no universal electrical components. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifications of each model.
On the Embraco websiteou can find an electronic catalog with information and specifications about the compressors.
Start the device
For domestic refrigeration equipment, commonly used auxiliary starting devices include:
Electric or current relay
PTC Relay
Electric relay
Among them, the electric relay is the most famous as it has been used for a long time. It operates by the flow of current through the main winding.
During the compressor start-up process, there is a current peak, at which time the relay contacts close and the auxiliary coil is driven. Once the compressor is running, the current decreases and opens the relay contacts, preventing the auxiliary coil from continuing to run. However, this type of relay has limitations, such as it cannot be used with a running capacitor, and is usually suitable for domestic compressors.
This new PTC option has gained a lot of market share. It is a thermal resistor device, which means it controls the change of current based on temperature. In these models, the compressor is turned off when the PTC is at a lower approach temperature. When the compressor turns on, the thermal resistor chip allows current to pass to the auxiliary winding, and the compressor will start to work. Then, when the chip heats up, it blocks the current from passing through the auxiliary winding.
PTC Relay
PTCs generate no electrical interference, are quieter than conventional relays, and can be used with run capacitors.
In the December issue we will provide more details on a starting device called TSD (Time Start Device), which uses an electronic circuit during the starting phase and uses switching technology to improve the efficiency of the compressor. We will also discuss the frequency converter, which is an electronic device that not only starts Fullmotion compressors, but also has the function of controlling their speed.
Now that we have looked at the two most common types of starting devices, it is worth stressing that the main function of these components is to assist in the starting process by producing the torque required for the motor speed. Once this time period has been completed, they disconnect the auxiliary winding.
In addition to its basic function, the starting device can allow the connection of running capacitors and/or starting capacitors. A fault on this device always leads to a stop of the refrigeration system, because the compressor does not start, or to the termination of starting and ending due to tripping of the thermal protector.
Capacitors
Capacitors are a group of electrical components whose main function is to store charge on electrodes. Because of their capacity characteristics, they are called capacitance, and their symbol is F, usually referred to in the market as MFD or μF, also known as microfarads.
Another important characteristic of a capacitor is its breakdown voltage, known as V, which is the limit of voltage that can be applied to the capacitor for it to maintain its properties and function well.
The size of the start and run capacitors takes into account aspects of the compressor motor and directly affects the operation of the thermal protector. Therefore, it is not recommended to install a capacitor with a different size or to add a start or run capacitor, which will compromise the safety and function of the compressor.
After this brief introduction, let's talk about these two types of capacitors:
Run capacitor
Starting capacitor
Capacitors
The running or running capacitor allows current to flow through the auxiliary winding of the compressor after its start, which makes the auxiliary winding also contribute to the operation of the motor. It should be remembered that motors using running capacitors are designed for this and these devices cannot be used on compressors using electromechanical relays.
Using an incorrect run capacitor may result in overloading the auxiliary coil, which in turn may cause the compressor to burn out.
There are also starting or starting capacitors, which help the compressor to start. However, they are of little relevance in domestic refrigeration. We will talk about them in more detail in the next issue. For now, we know that they are used only with compressors that have an electromechanical relay or a voltmeter relay.
It should be noted that each compressor model has its own specific capacitor. Before using it, it is important to check whether it is the recommended type. This is because incorrect use of capacitors can impair the performance of the thermal protector and cause the compressor to burn out.
Thermal protector
These components are there to protect the compressors, preventing them from working in adverse and varying conditions. Its main purpose is to prevent the compressor motor from reaching such temperatures that could damage it or cause it to burn out.
The thermal protector is activated when the compressor current and/or the temperature of the coils (motor) or compressor housing reaches a critical level. It is therefore an important component of compressor safety.
The most famous set of thermal protectors is the external thermal protector which has a thermistor-type terminal connected to the compressor. However, some compressors have internal protection, which we will discuss in more detail in the next version.
This is the first article in a three-part series about electronic components and their functions. We will show the classification of types, details of operation, and problems that can occur when using the wrong type.
In this article, we will address the use of electrical components list of belize whatsapp phone numbers in domestic refrigeration. The next two series will focus on their use in commercial refrigeration and the use of electronic components in refrigeration equipment.
Let's talk about three types of components:
Start the device;
Capacitors;
Thermal protector.
Before describing each of these elements, it is important to note that compressors of the same type and with similar cooling capacity usually use different electronic components, that is, there are no universal electrical components. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifications of each model.
On the Embraco websiteou can find an electronic catalog with information and specifications about the compressors.
Start the device
For domestic refrigeration equipment, commonly used auxiliary starting devices include:
Electric or current relay
PTC Relay
Electric relay
Among them, the electric relay is the most famous as it has been used for a long time. It operates by the flow of current through the main winding.
During the compressor start-up process, there is a current peak, at which time the relay contacts close and the auxiliary coil is driven. Once the compressor is running, the current decreases and opens the relay contacts, preventing the auxiliary coil from continuing to run. However, this type of relay has limitations, such as it cannot be used with a running capacitor, and is usually suitable for domestic compressors.
This new PTC option has gained a lot of market share. It is a thermal resistor device, which means it controls the change of current based on temperature. In these models, the compressor is turned off when the PTC is at a lower approach temperature. When the compressor turns on, the thermal resistor chip allows current to pass to the auxiliary winding, and the compressor will start to work. Then, when the chip heats up, it blocks the current from passing through the auxiliary winding.
PTC Relay
PTCs generate no electrical interference, are quieter than conventional relays, and can be used with run capacitors.
In the December issue we will provide more details on a starting device called TSD (Time Start Device), which uses an electronic circuit during the starting phase and uses switching technology to improve the efficiency of the compressor. We will also discuss the frequency converter, which is an electronic device that not only starts Fullmotion compressors, but also has the function of controlling their speed.
Now that we have looked at the two most common types of starting devices, it is worth stressing that the main function of these components is to assist in the starting process by producing the torque required for the motor speed. Once this time period has been completed, they disconnect the auxiliary winding.
In addition to its basic function, the starting device can allow the connection of running capacitors and/or starting capacitors. A fault on this device always leads to a stop of the refrigeration system, because the compressor does not start, or to the termination of starting and ending due to tripping of the thermal protector.
Capacitors
Capacitors are a group of electrical components whose main function is to store charge on electrodes. Because of their capacity characteristics, they are called capacitance, and their symbol is F, usually referred to in the market as MFD or μF, also known as microfarads.
Another important characteristic of a capacitor is its breakdown voltage, known as V, which is the limit of voltage that can be applied to the capacitor for it to maintain its properties and function well.
The size of the start and run capacitors takes into account aspects of the compressor motor and directly affects the operation of the thermal protector. Therefore, it is not recommended to install a capacitor with a different size or to add a start or run capacitor, which will compromise the safety and function of the compressor.
After this brief introduction, let's talk about these two types of capacitors:
Run capacitor
Starting capacitor
Capacitors
The running or running capacitor allows current to flow through the auxiliary winding of the compressor after its start, which makes the auxiliary winding also contribute to the operation of the motor. It should be remembered that motors using running capacitors are designed for this and these devices cannot be used on compressors using electromechanical relays.
Using an incorrect run capacitor may result in overloading the auxiliary coil, which in turn may cause the compressor to burn out.
There are also starting or starting capacitors, which help the compressor to start. However, they are of little relevance in domestic refrigeration. We will talk about them in more detail in the next issue. For now, we know that they are used only with compressors that have an electromechanical relay or a voltmeter relay.
It should be noted that each compressor model has its own specific capacitor. Before using it, it is important to check whether it is the recommended type. This is because incorrect use of capacitors can impair the performance of the thermal protector and cause the compressor to burn out.
Thermal protector
These components are there to protect the compressors, preventing them from working in adverse and varying conditions. Its main purpose is to prevent the compressor motor from reaching such temperatures that could damage it or cause it to burn out.
The thermal protector is activated when the compressor current and/or the temperature of the coils (motor) or compressor housing reaches a critical level. It is therefore an important component of compressor safety.
The most famous set of thermal protectors is the external thermal protector which has a thermistor-type terminal connected to the compressor. However, some compressors have internal protection, which we will discuss in more detail in the next version.