Merkle Root (32 bytes): This is a single hash that summarizes all the transactions included within the current block. It's the root of a Merkle Tree, a data structure that allows for efficient verification of all transactions in the block without having to download every single one. If even one transaction in the block is changed, the Merkle Root will change, invalidating the block.
Timestamp (4 bytes): A Unix timestamp representing the time when the miner started hashing the block header. Nodes will not accept blocks with timestamps more than two hours in the future according to their clock.
Bits (4 bytes): This is a compact oil and gas email list representation of the current difficulty target. The difficulty target is a 256-bit number that the block's hash must be less than or equal to for the block to be considered valid. This field adjusts approximately every two weeks (2016 blocks) to ensure that blocks are found, on average, every 10 minutes, regardless of the total network hashing power.
Nonce (4 bytes): This is a 32-bit (4-byte) number that miners constantly change and re-hash along with the other block header fields. The goal of mining is to find a nonce value that, when combined with the other header data and double-SHA256 hashed, produces a result (the block hash) that is less than or equal to the Bits field's difficulty target. This is the "Proof-of-Work."
Transaction Counter (Variable Size, 1-9 bytes): This field indicates the number of transactions included in the block.
Transactions (Variable Size): This is the main body of the block and typically accounts for the majority of its size. It contains a list of all the validated and confirmed transactions that the miner included in this block.
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